Mental health needs of elite athletes
Mental illness is probably one of the greatest silent epidemics in our country. It’s a public health issue and now we’re seeing it more and more in our student-athletes – Timothy Neal
Being an elite athlete often brings prestige, a sense of achievement and connectedness, enjoyment, and many more positive experiences and health benefits; but participation in sport also brings with it challenges and stressors that can leave athletes more vulnerable to depression or anxiety. Student athletes / amateur athletes can be faced with additional stressors due to the dual commitments of academic/work and sporting performance.
Studies show that millennials in particular are highly stressed and put huge pressure on themselves to achieve, often striving for unattainable perfection. High schools often replicate the training intensity found at college level and in the strive for college places and scholarships, players can be overwhelmed and become anxious and stressed. In Have Smartphones Destroyed a Generation Jean M. Twenge points out that the iGen/ Generation Z are even more vulnerable than Millennials:-
Rates of teen depression and suicide have skyrocketed since 2011. It’s not an exaggeration to describe iGen as being on the brink of the worst mental-health crisis in decades ….. the twin rise of the smartphone and social media has caused an earthquake of a magnitude we’ve not seen in a very long time, if ever
National College Health Assessment Survey 2019
The ACHA-National College Health Assessment (NCHA) is a nationally recognized research survey that helps collect precise data about students’ health habits, behaviors, and perceptions. The Spring 2019 survey details the results of 67,972 students at 98 schools and emphasizes stress and anxiety issues among students. Some of the results are detailed below:-
- 47.9% males and 58.6% of females said that they felt that things were hopeless at some time in the last 12 months
- 78.4% males and 91.5% of females said that they felt overwhelmed by all they had to do at some time during the last 12 months
- 37.1% males and 47.6% females said they felt so depressed that it was difficult to function at some time during the last 12 months
- 50.7% males and 71.8% females felt overwhelming anxiety at some stage during the last 12 months
- When asked, “In the Past 7 days, how often they felt tired, dragged out, or sleepy during the day”, 44.4% said 3-5 days and 11% said 6+ days
Patrick Rishe recently attended the Learfield IMG College Intercollegiate Athletics Forum presented by Sports Business Journal in New York. In his article The Mental Health Of Student-Athletes: A Necessary Operational Investment In Contemporary Collegiate Athletics, he mentions that the topic which stood out throughout the day at the conference, was the genuine concern for the emotional and mental well-being of student-athletes and the critical need for universities at all levels to invest in resources to attend to the mental health of their students. At the conference, Tory Lindley, President of the National Athletic Trainer’s Association, noted that 35% of student-athletes access mental health support as compared to only 16% of the general student population. It was also pointed out that most schools and colleges mental health services are understaffed.
Why athletes are often slow to seek out help
Young people in general often do not seek professional help for mental health problems and elite athletes may be less likely to seek help than non-athletes. The British Journal of Sports Medicine recently published their review of 52 studies in this area and found that stigma is the main reason why elite athletes with mental issues don’t seek the help they need, but a poor understanding of mental illness, busy schedules, and gender stereotyping also play their part. The researches point out that:-
Athletes fear, possibly rightly so, that disclosing mental health symptoms or disorders would reduce their chances of maintaining or signing a professional team contract or an advertising campaign
Our infographic below outlines some of the barriers which face young athletes facing mental issues.
Mindfulness and Relaxation Techniques
Educating coaches, athletic trainers and students is crucial to help tackle this problem. They all have a critical role to play in helping to de-stigmatize mental health issues and promote a culture of well-being. In Focusing on Student-Athletes’ Mental Health, Jason Scott points out that destigmatizing the conversation around mental health is an important part of the equation.
If you roll your ankle, you don’t hide that injury from your team, right? We need to attack the stigma that [depression] is something you have to hide
The article goes on to discuss one study that has shown promising results: It looked at the impact of short-form mindfulness training (MT) vs. relaxation training (RT) programs on sustained attention and emotional well-being in college football players during their high-demand pre-season training interval. The study took baseline measurements for student-athletes examining their levels of sustained attention and their perception of their general well-being. Participants where split into 2 groups. 1 group focused on relaxation techniques and the other on mindfulness meditation. At the end of the stressful training period, student-athletes recorded declines in both their levels of sustained attention and their general well-being. However student-athletes who participated in the study were more resilient to declines in each area. Greater engagement in mindfulness training was associated with protection from decline in sustained attention during this training period. Both programs were found to have protective effects on emotional well-being.
Removing the Stigma
In the article NCAA faces uphill battle getting mental health care to student-athletes, Wendell Barnhouse points out that it was not until 2016 that the NCAA posted 200 pages of mental health ‘best practices’ on its website. Their Mind, Body, Sport is their guide to student-athlete mental health. It includes perspectives from athletes, coaches, and their chief medical officer, Dr. Brian Hanline.
There is a need to proactively educate coaches and make them more aware of how to recognize and deal with mental health problems, and in parallel provide more support to athletes. At the NCAA Convention, earlier in the year, the Power Five conferences unanimously voted to require their member institutions to make mental health services available for all of their athletes.
More athletes are starting to speak out about dealing with mental health issues and this is helping to reduce the stigma associated with admitting to having a problem. For Mental Awareness Week, The Players Tribune collected together stories about mental health that players have written hoping to help reduce social stigma, drive awareness and inspire change.
Universities and colleges are starting to do more to help increase awareness about mental health and the importance of seeking help. One example is Stanford’s resilience project. Their goal is “to help change the perception of failure from something to be avoided at all costs, to something that has meaning, purpose, and value.” The University of Wisconsin—Superior opened The Pruitt Center for Mindfulness and Well-Being in August 2018, with a mission to promote mindfulness and well-being among students, faculty and staff. The NBA have recently adopted new rules requiring teams to add full-time mental health staff for 2019-2020 season.
23-time gold medalist swimmer, Michael Phelps, sums up why life is more important than any stigma and why it is important to ask for help.
For the longest time, I thought asking for help was a sign of weakness because that’s kind of what society teaches us. That’s especially true from an athlete’s perspective. If we ask for help, then we’re not this big macho athlete that people can look up to. Well, you know what? If someone wants to call me weak for asking for help, that’s their problem. Because I’m saving my own life
What is Metrifit?
Metrifit provides an immediate snap shot of athlete well-being across a number of metrics such as sleep, stress, readiness to perform, muscle soreness and training loads. Making health and well-being a priority in performance is key to our approach. Why not have a look at our Metrifit Ready to Perform product and find out more about how we can help you and your athletes. To find out more visit our Metrifit Product Overview page or contact at for a free demo.
Please share this post so others may benefit.
Follow @metrifit
References
National College Health Assessment (NCHA)
The hidden battle: Mental health in sports by Jay Hyber
Stigma deterring elite athletes with mental health issues from seeking help | BMJ
Focusing on Student-Athletes’ Mental Health by Jason Scott
Why Are So Many Teen Athletes Struggling With Depression? By Linda Flanagan
Have Smartphones Destroyed a Generation? By Jean M. Twenge
Athletes opening up to discussing mental health issues by Jeff Burtka
How Colleges Today Are Supporting Student Mental Health by Amy L Eva
Pruitt Center for Mindfulness and Well-Being
Mental Health Awareness | The Players Tribune
NBA adopts new rules requiring teams to add full-time mental health staff for 2019-2020 season
NCAA faces uphill battle getting mental health care to student-athletes by Wendell Barnhouse