Has there been a more important time to monitor athlete well-being?
After months out of the game, without access to proper training facilities for much of that time, the return to playing matches must be carefully managed. Clubs must balance the need to prepare players for high levels of performance, the risk of injury after such a long lay-off, and the risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2. The key will be to build appropriate progression into training to give players the safest and most effective possible return
– Professor Keith Stokes, University of Bath’s Department for Health and also England Rugby.
With many teams across the world resuming full training during Covid-19 restrictions, the necessity to monitor athlete well-being has probably never been more valuable. Ensuring athletes are fit and healthy from both a physical and mental perspective is essential to coaches in order to allow performances to flourish, regardless of the timing. And with Covid-19 restrictions reducing the contact hours (in some cases to 0), the understanding of where athlete’s health and fitness markers lie is often not well understood by coaches and practitioners alike.
It is likely that on return to training, athletes will display varying levels of fitness, body compositions and also psychological issues with some athletes experiencing potential fears of exposure to the world again. The NCSA has outlined potential training landscapes and challenges coaches and practitioners alike should be prepared for including:
- Modified and/or condensed pre-season schedules
- Extreme deconditioning; Or mixed levels of preparation among teammates following extended time off
- Increased risks of injury and overtraining
- Adverse weight gain, weight loss, and changes to body composition
- Slowed or interrupted progress with individual rehabilitation programs
- Facility and program challenges related to ongoing fears and social distancing
An NCAA survey during April and May examined the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on student athletes. They had responses from over 37,000 students. 82% reported feeling positive about the support they were receiving from coaches but most reported experiencing high rates of mental distress. Over a third reported experiencing difficulties with sleep, and over a quarter reported feeling sadness and a sense of loss. 1 in 12 reported feeling so depressed it was difficult to function.
Athlete Monitoring
The benefits of monitoring are so plentiful, it’s hard to understand a time when it was not a significant portion of an athlete’s training program. Athlete monitoring improves athletic performance via a combination of several factors including:
- Helping ensure athletes are in the best condition to train providing a competitive edge
- Providing the opportunity to construct individualized training programs and optimize load prescription and recovery
- Identifying potential issues such as injury, illness, and burnout
- Provide athlete education and develop self-awareness
The data collected is another important consideration. Knowing what well-being markers to monitor and yet keeping the assessment concise but relevant is important. One key thing is to come up with the right questions in the appropriate format in order to get the most accurate information possible. It is important to make it as easy as possible for the athlete to provide accurate information.
In The use of wellness questionnaires in football, the Barça Innovation Hub state
In sports such as football, where each team has 20 to 25 players, it is not viable to talk to each one of them on a daily basis to see how they feel, how they slept, or how fatigued they feel. Wellness questionnaires allows us to obtain this valuable information in a fast, easy-to-process way without requiring an individual conversation with each member of the group. The use of these questionnaires is therefore growing exponentially. In fact, they’re now considered the second most important monitoring tool for injury prevention among the teams’ head medical officers included in the UEFA Elite Club Injury Study.
What to monitor?
The challenge is to deliver a set of questions that are broad enough to collect all the necessary information, yet at the same time are not too complicated for the athlete to follow, or too time consuming. Some of the key variables that should be monitored include:-
Stress
Athletes may be at an increased risk of stress accumulation on their return to team training. Stress can come in many forms – psychological, physiological, emotional. Psychological or emotional stress may be at a heightened risk of occurrence as some athletes may fear a re-entry to large groups for the first time in months. Physical stress will also be at a heightened risk of occurrence as training volume and/or intensity may increase acutely which also may increase the risk of injury. Stress can impact significantly on athletic performance. Regardless of whether the stress results in physical or mental fatigue, athletic performance can be affected. This is because physical and mental fatigue are intricately connected. An example of the debilitating effects of stress are outlined in a study in the Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology which found that stress had a significant impact on physical performance. Runners were intentionally stressed by being forced to complete a difficult computer test immediately before a 1.86-mile race (3,000-meters). The race times for runners who had taken the test were about 15 seconds slower than for the runners who had not taken it. The reason why performance in the classroom and on the sports field is affected by stress is outlined by Dr. Mercola who reminds us that mental and physical fatigue are closely connected as he identifies the following effects of stress.
- Stress Impairs Working Memory
- Stress Sabotages Concentration
- Stress Impairs Motor Coordination
- Stress Compromises Visual Acuity
- Stress Hampers Your Fitness Gains
- Stress Slows Exercise Recovery
- Stress Raises Your Risk for Injury
- Stress Seriously Impedes Weight Loss
- Stress Kills Motivation
- Stress Depletes Emotional Resources
Sleep
Sleep has a key role in the recovery process. Athletes may require more sleep than non athletes. Before the discontinuity of training, athletes may have built in sleep routines, which may have been disengaged during the restriction of team sessions. It is important to ensure that such athletes re-engage in these practices to promote better recovery particularly during potentially heightened stressful periods.
Nutrition
Similar to sleep, athletes may be at an increased risk of losing their built-in nutritional habits during the removal of team sporting environments. As a result, some athletes may be at risk of returning to team sport with a compromised body composition relative to before team training was discontinued. Others may simply need to be reminded of the importance of proper nutrition. A well-balanced diet provides athletes with the fuel to perform. A failure to adequately fuel will mean athletes will not perform their best.
Mood
Current research suggests a large number of individuals have been ‘severely impacted’ in terms of mood disorders following the emergence of the Covid pandemic. Mood can have a major impact on athletic performance. The Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning (IZOF) is a framework that eludes to the relationship between emotional experiences and success in sporting tasks based on the individual. The IZOF proposes that individuals all have more optimal or preferred levels of anxiety at which they will best perform. If an individual experiences too much/little anxiety performance will not be maximized as the athlete will be out of their optimal zone.
It is believed that mood disorders are rising exponentially due to the number of fatalities, economic downturns, and social isolation in a variety of ways leading to fear of future instability, social phobias, and depressive symptoms. The research recommends open discussion about challenges to improve and allow individuals to better cope with the impact of Covid-19 on mood disorders.
The Importance of Using Monitoring Tools & How to Maximize Their Use
It is a common belief that simply speaking to athletes is enough to gain the insights necessary to monitor athletes. A recent article by Carl Valle highlighted issues that can arise by not using athlete self-monitoring tools such as Metrifit, one of which was this belief.
My issue with the “discussion coaches” is that most training and team practices are with groups, and how do you really ask all the information at once with a soccer team or sprint group? Good luck constantly asking an athlete before training every day how they slept, as some athletes are not with a strength coach daily.
Of course, the human connection and communication is not something that will, nor should be removed from coaching. However, that is not what self-monitoring tools are intended to do. The purpose of athlete self-monitoring is to ensure consistent, relative feedback from athletes to coaches, to allow coaches to note any changes relevant to well-being which may impact performance. Essentially, athlete monitoring acts as a prompt for starting a conversation between coaches and athletes and provides a means by which variables can be manipulated to allow athletes to perform best.
Monitoring with Metrifit
Metrifit prides itself on its simple intuitive interface and advocates a simple effective approach that doesn’t overwhelm the athlete or the coaching/staff member. It has received high praise for its intuitive interface and it allows monitoring to be scaled for all levels of athletes and teams. We are excited to announce our latest Lifestyle Profiling functionality which will be available in the coming weeks. This functionality will prove useful if not essential for coaches and teams back to training after an extended absence to help ensure that their teams are ready to perform. To find out more about our Metrifit Ready to Perform product or our new lifestyle profiling contact us at .
Follow @metrifit
Michael Torres
CEO, Shift Performance, Miami
Michael Torres
CEO, Shift Performance, Miami
J.B. Belzer
Head Coach, Women's Soccer at Regis University
J.B. Belzer
Head Coach, Women's Soccer at Regis University
Brian Clarke
Head Strength and Conditioning Co-ordinator,Noblesville High School
Brian Clarke
Head Strength and Conditioning Co-ordinator,Noblesville High School
Cian O’Neill
Kildare Senior Football Manager
Cian O’Neill
Kildare Senior Football Manager
Kevin Schultz
Associate Director of Strength & Conditioning
Director of Olympic Strength & Conditioning
University of Wisconsin
Kevin Schultz
Associate Director of Strength & Conditioning
Director of Olympic Strength & Conditioning
University of Wisconsin
Emma Hawke, PhD Exercise Physiology
Coach - Sweden Climbing, Olympic Offensive - Female Coach Swedish Olympic Committee, Senior Lecturer - Coach education programme (Sweden)
Emma Hawke, PhD Exercise Physiology
Coach - Sweden Climbing, Olympic Offensive - Female Coach Swedish Olympic Committee, Senior Lecturer - Coach education programme (Sweden)
Jason McGahan
Sports Scientist, Kildare Football, PhD Sports Science Researcher
Jason McGahan
Sports Scientist, Kildare Football, PhD Sports Science Researcher
Dan Horan
Head of Fitness for International Football/Fitness Coach Men's Senior Team
Football Association of Ireland
Dan Horan
Head of Fitness for International Football/Fitness Coach Men's Senior Team
Football Association of Ireland
Joe O’Connor
NISUS Fitness, S&C Coach Clare Senior Hurling, Horse Sport Ireland and Limerick Senior Hurling
Joe O’Connor
NISUS Fitness, S&C Coach Clare Senior Hurling, Horse Sport Ireland and Limerick Senior Hurling
Erik Helland
Director of Strength & Conditioning and Head Strength Coach Men’s basketball, University of Wisconsin
Erik Helland
Director of Strength & Conditioning and Head Strength Coach Men’s basketball, University of Wisconsin
Dr. Dale Richardson
CEO Achieve Total Performance Pty Ltd
Dr. Dale Richardson
CEO Achieve Total Performance Pty Ltd
Paul Cremin
Head Physiotherapist, Cornish Pirates Rugby Club
Paul Cremin
Head Physiotherapist, Cornish Pirates Rugby Club
Kari Thompson
Head Volley Ball Coach, Southern Illinois University
Kari Thompson
Head Volley Ball Coach, Southern Illinois University
Aaron Mansfield
Head Coach, LMU Lions, Loyola Marymount University
Aaron Mansfield
Head Coach, LMU Lions, Loyola Marymount University
Lee Stutely
Team Manager and Athlete Support Services Coordinator at Great Britain Wheelchair Rugby
Lee Stutely
Team Manager and Athlete Support Services Coordinator at Great Britain Wheelchair Rugby
Tommy Mooney
Strength and Conditioning Coach at DCU Sport and with Dublin Minor GAA
Tommy Mooney
Strength and Conditioning Coach at DCU Sport and with Dublin Minor GAA
Richard Deuchrass
Lincoln University Athletic Performance Manager
Richard Deuchrass
Lincoln University Athletic Performance Manager
Yvonne Treacy
Nutritionist, Wexford Camogie
Yvonne Treacy
Nutritionist, Wexford Camogie
Dave Passmore
Head Coach, Irish Hockey
Dave Passmore
Head Coach, Irish Hockey
Brijesh Patel
Quinnipiac University, Head Strength and Conditioning Coach
Brijesh Patel
Quinnipiac University, Head Strength and Conditioning Coach
Ryan Osborn
Head Basketball Coach, Carmel High School
Ryan Osborn
Head Basketball Coach, Carmel High School
Eamonn Fitzmaurice
Kerry Senior Football, Manager
Eamonn Fitzmaurice
Kerry Senior Football, Manager
Edgar K. Tham
Founder and Chief Sport & Performance Psychologist, SportPsych Consulting (Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines)
Edgar K. Tham
Founder and Chief Sport & Performance Psychologist, SportPsych Consulting (Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines)
Graham Williams
Athletic Development Coach, MSc ASCC
Millfield School, UK
Graham Williams
Athletic Development Coach, MSc ASCC
Millfield School, UK
"When COVID altered college athletics as we knew it, Metrifit came to the rescue. This intuitive athlete monitoring, health and well-being system provides the athlete, coach, and sports medicine staff a way to monitor and balance the physical, emotional, health and well-being of our athlete’s. Metrifit provided that calm in the middle of the perfect storm for our entire athletic department for the future. Thank you to the entire Metrifit family for assisting our department with a seamless process."
Jennifer McIntosh
Head Athletic Trainer, Colorado School of Mines
Jennifer McIntosh
Head Athletic Trainer, Colorado School of Mines
Robert Karlsson, Professional Golfer
Robert Karlsson, Professional Golfer
Tino Fusco, B.Sc. ChPC
Head Coach, Women's Soccer, Mount Royal University (Canada)
Tino Fusco, B.Sc. ChPC
Head Coach, Women's Soccer, Mount Royal University (Canada)
Niall O’Driscoll
Academy Directory, SJ.B (St. Joseph’s Bray ) Academy
Niall O’Driscoll
Academy Directory, SJ.B (St. Joseph’s Bray ) Academy
Dan Rickaby
Assistant S&C Coach, Tulane University
Dan Rickaby
Assistant S&C Coach, Tulane University
Follow @metrifit
References
Monitoring Is an Ethical Responsibility for Athlete Well-Being
Increased risk of injury in contact sports after prolonged training restrictions due to COVID-19
Guidance on Safe Return to Training For Athletes
NCAA Student-Athlete COVID-19 Well-being Study
The use of wellness questionnaires in football
10 ways stress can mess with your workouts
How sleep affects athletes’ performance
Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19) on Mood Disorders and Suicide
The individual zones of optimal functioning (IZOF) model
Cognitive fatigue effects on physical performance during running
Michael Torres
CEO, Shift Performance, Miami
Michael Torres
CEO, Shift Performance, Miami
J.B. Belzer
Head Coach, Women's Soccer at Regis University
J.B. Belzer
Head Coach, Women's Soccer at Regis University
Brian Clarke
Head Strength and Conditioning Co-ordinator,Noblesville High School
Brian Clarke
Head Strength and Conditioning Co-ordinator,Noblesville High School
Cian O’Neill
Kildare Senior Football Manager
Cian O’Neill
Kildare Senior Football Manager
Kevin Schultz
Associate Director of Strength & Conditioning
Director of Olympic Strength & Conditioning
University of Wisconsin
Kevin Schultz
Associate Director of Strength & Conditioning
Director of Olympic Strength & Conditioning
University of Wisconsin
Emma Hawke, PhD Exercise Physiology
Coach - Sweden Climbing, Olympic Offensive - Female Coach Swedish Olympic Committee, Senior Lecturer - Coach education programme (Sweden)
Emma Hawke, PhD Exercise Physiology
Coach - Sweden Climbing, Olympic Offensive - Female Coach Swedish Olympic Committee, Senior Lecturer - Coach education programme (Sweden)
Jason McGahan
Sports Scientist, Kildare Football, PhD Sports Science Researcher
Jason McGahan
Sports Scientist, Kildare Football, PhD Sports Science Researcher
Dan Horan
Head of Fitness for International Football/Fitness Coach Men's Senior Team
Football Association of Ireland
Dan Horan
Head of Fitness for International Football/Fitness Coach Men's Senior Team
Football Association of Ireland
Joe O’Connor
NISUS Fitness, S&C Coach Clare Senior Hurling, Horse Sport Ireland and Limerick Senior Hurling
Joe O’Connor
NISUS Fitness, S&C Coach Clare Senior Hurling, Horse Sport Ireland and Limerick Senior Hurling
Erik Helland
Director of Strength & Conditioning and Head Strength Coach Men’s basketball, University of Wisconsin
Erik Helland
Director of Strength & Conditioning and Head Strength Coach Men’s basketball, University of Wisconsin
Dr. Dale Richardson
CEO Achieve Total Performance Pty Ltd
Dr. Dale Richardson
CEO Achieve Total Performance Pty Ltd
Paul Cremin
Head Physiotherapist, Cornish Pirates Rugby Club
Paul Cremin
Head Physiotherapist, Cornish Pirates Rugby Club
Kari Thompson
Head Volley Ball Coach, Southern Illinois University
Kari Thompson
Head Volley Ball Coach, Southern Illinois University
Aaron Mansfield
Head Coach, LMU Lions, Loyola Marymount University
Aaron Mansfield
Head Coach, LMU Lions, Loyola Marymount University
Lee Stutely
Team Manager and Athlete Support Services Coordinator at Great Britain Wheelchair Rugby
Lee Stutely
Team Manager and Athlete Support Services Coordinator at Great Britain Wheelchair Rugby
Tommy Mooney
Strength and Conditioning Coach at DCU Sport and with Dublin Minor GAA
Tommy Mooney
Strength and Conditioning Coach at DCU Sport and with Dublin Minor GAA
Richard Deuchrass
Lincoln University Athletic Performance Manager
Richard Deuchrass
Lincoln University Athletic Performance Manager
Yvonne Treacy
Nutritionist, Wexford Camogie
Yvonne Treacy
Nutritionist, Wexford Camogie
Dave Passmore
Head Coach, Irish Hockey
Dave Passmore
Head Coach, Irish Hockey
Brijesh Patel
Quinnipiac University, Head Strength and Conditioning Coach
Brijesh Patel
Quinnipiac University, Head Strength and Conditioning Coach
Ryan Osborn
Head Basketball Coach, Carmel High School
Ryan Osborn
Head Basketball Coach, Carmel High School
Eamonn Fitzmaurice
Kerry Senior Football, Manager
Eamonn Fitzmaurice
Kerry Senior Football, Manager
Edgar K. Tham
Founder and Chief Sport & Performance Psychologist, SportPsych Consulting (Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines)
Edgar K. Tham
Founder and Chief Sport & Performance Psychologist, SportPsych Consulting (Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines)
Graham Williams
Athletic Development Coach, MSc ASCC
Millfield School, UK
Graham Williams
Athletic Development Coach, MSc ASCC
Millfield School, UK
"When COVID altered college athletics as we knew it, Metrifit came to the rescue. This intuitive athlete monitoring, health and well-being system provides the athlete, coach, and sports medicine staff a way to monitor and balance the physical, emotional, health and well-being of our athlete’s. Metrifit provided that calm in the middle of the perfect storm for our entire athletic department for the future. Thank you to the entire Metrifit family for assisting our department with a seamless process."
Jennifer McIntosh
Head Athletic Trainer, Colorado School of Mines
Jennifer McIntosh
Head Athletic Trainer, Colorado School of Mines
Robert Karlsson, Professional Golfer
Robert Karlsson, Professional Golfer
Tino Fusco, B.Sc. ChPC
Head Coach, Women's Soccer, Mount Royal University (Canada)
Tino Fusco, B.Sc. ChPC
Head Coach, Women's Soccer, Mount Royal University (Canada)
Niall O’Driscoll
Academy Directory, SJ.B (St. Joseph’s Bray ) Academy
Niall O’Driscoll
Academy Directory, SJ.B (St. Joseph’s Bray ) Academy
Dan Rickaby
Assistant S&C Coach, Tulane University
Dan Rickaby
Assistant S&C Coach, Tulane University