Athlete Recovery Part 1: Keep on Rolling!
In an ideal sporting world, it would be great to have a personal masseuse on tap 24/7 to give a massage at any time in any place. But for the vast majority of athletes, this is just not possible. So what is the next best thing? How about Self-myofascial release? This is the scientific term for an athlete who gives themselves a self-massage to release muscle tightness or trigger points – this is commonly done by using a “foam-roller”. By applying pressure to specific points on your body you are able to aid in the recovery of muscles and assist in returning them to normal function. Normal function means your muscles are elastic, healthy, and ready to perform at a moment’s notice. This article will explore the idea of foam-rolling and see what makes it one of sport’s most important and widely-used recovery activity.
Physical Therapist Mike Clark is credited by many with the initial exposure of the athletic and physical therapy communities to the foam roller and to what he termed “self- myofascial release”. Having been around for well over ten years, the idea of foam-rolling in sport originally began with the use of cylindrical tubes made completely of basic foam. However, the early rollers would break down quickly and lose their shape. Clarke’s initial recommendation was not a self-massage technique but, more an acupressure concept. Depending on the orientation of the therapist, these points can alternately be described as trigger points, knots or simply areas of increased muscle density. Regardless of the name, those in the fields of athletics and rehab were familiar with the concepts of sore muscles and the need for massage.
The use of foam rollers has progressed in many circles from an acupressure type approach to a self-massage approach. The roller is now used to apply longer more sweeping strokes to the long muscle groups like the calves, adductors and quadriceps and small directed force to areas like the TFL, hip rotators and the gluteal muscles. Athletes are instructed to use the roller to search for tender areas or trigger point and to roll these areas to decrease density and over-activity. Embedded in the fascia that envelopes an athlete’s muscle, are very small sensors known as mechanoreceptors. Mechanoreceptors respond to mechanical stimulation – tapping, pressure, stroking, stretching, etc., It’s here that foam rolling applies pressure and slight stretching to the area. When you apply pressure and an ever so slight stretch, which always happens when you deform tissue with pressure, the mechanoreceptors go to work. Some will begin, depending on the intensity of the pressure and your individual tolerance for it, to relax the muscle via a reflex at the spinal cord. The result is you feel looser, more mobile, and less painful.
Ideally someone is able to work out the knots in your muscles, and it is commonly known this process may be uncomfortable and at times painful. Self-myofascial release provides the user the ability to control the healing and recovery process by applying pressure in precise locations, because only you can feel exactly what is happening. Releasing trigger points helps to re-establish proper movement patterns and pain free movement, and ultimately, to enhance performance. Utilizing stretching alone is not always enough to release muscles tightness, which is why foam rollers have thrived on the mass market. Self-myofascial release techniques help break up trigger points, and soothe tight fascia, while increasing blood flow and circulation to the soft tissues. This can lead to improved range of motion, flexibility and movement, increased blood flow, and will assist in returning your muscles to normal function.
The timing and duration of this exercise has a big influence on its outcome. It is recommended to spend approx. 20 – 30 seconds on any particular sore area. Depending on your desired outcome, a foam roller can be used as part of an athlete’s warm-up, their cool-down or in their recovery from injury. The idea that foam rolling can positively influence the muscles in an athlete after exercise has been given the all-important thumbs up by academics, although more studies are required to see if foam rolling can have a positive effect (or any effect!) on an athlete’s performance when used pre-exercise.
Apart from the more scientific evidence that supports the idea of foam-rolling, there are other obvious advantages of using this technique.
- It is a cheap exercise – most foam rollers are priced between €15 and €50 (depending on how picky you are about your brand!). The athlete could save huge amounts of money on massage and physiotherapy bills by choosing this option.
- It can be done at any time – Foam-rolling is flexible – it can be done at whatever time the athlete wishes, morning, noon or night!
- It doesn’t require much equipment – All you need is a foam roller (which is easily stored!) and a space on the floor in your own house.
- The latest foam rollers are quite durable and last for a very long time!
So if you are an athlete and have become a bit sore lately from training / competition, maybe think about using this technique as part of your recovery – a cheaper / more flexible activity than waiting for a physiotherapy appointment!
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