At What Age should Children Specialise in Sport?
Following on from my blog on talent identification in sport, a comparable topic that has many similarities is the idea of “early specialisation” in sport
Should young athletes specialise early in sport in an attempt to become an elite player / athlete in the future, or should they try a number of sports thereby acquiring different sets of sporting and physical skills? Yet again, opinions are divided.
A lot of research points to the fact that playing different sports at an early age is beneficial for a number of reasons, including avoiding repetitive injury.Some theorists are of the opinion that children should develop “physical literacy” at an early age. This implies that budding sport stars can achieve fundamental movement and fundamental sport skills which permit a child to move confidently and with control in a wide range of physical activities and sport. This can in turn provide the basis from which sporting excellence can grow. The fundamentals mentioned are commonly known as the “ABC’s” of athleticism –
- Agility,
- Balance,
- Co-ordination
- Speed.
From these, a more diverse range of talents through a variety of sports can be created, thus allowing the young athletes to have a bigger skill-set to compete with from an earlier age.
Indeed, many top players/athletes have indicated that they took part in various sports when they were younger, and they claim that these other activities had a major positive influence on their current career. For example, the Neville brothers who both played for England in soccer were keen cricketers, with Phil even representing England at underage level in cricket. Marion Jones, former Olympic gold medallist was an impressive basketball player at college. Katie Taylor, current Olympic gold medallist in boxing and a user of Metrifit, was an international soccer player at underage and senior level, while also competing at cross-country, Camogie and Gaelic Football at school. Even the world-famous Fred Perry was a successful table-tennis player when he was younger, winning the world-championship in 1929.
Further research has indicated that avoiding specialisation at an early age reduces the likelihood of overuse injuries and burnout, and therefore keeps children interested in sport. Any potential injuries may cause children to avoid the sport as they grow older, as was highlighted in a previous blog on Metrifit.com.
However, the debate really surfaces when we look at those world-class sport stars who specialised early and have gone on to have great professional careers, for example Tiger Woods, Lionel Messi, Rory McIlroy, Andre Agassi (who even dropped out of school at 13) to name but a few. So how have these stars contradicted the previous research?
It could be said that these players adhered to the “10,000” rule when they were younger, whereby an individual practices a specific task (deliberate practice) for at least 10,000 hours in an attempt to achieve perfection, according to Anders Ericsson (Florida State University). Yet is this case promoting early specialisation or is it just purely sporting talent shining through, mixed with dedication? Their success would seem to go against all the research, but their sporting talents, or legacy in some cases cannot be argued with. It does come as a surprise though that all of these exceptions to the rule have not suffered from a serious chronic repetitive injury at some point during their careers, could this be pure luck or possibly down to genetics? The variables such as parenting, social effects, education, mind-set etc. are also factors that could have an influence.
It must be remembered though that for every Tiger Woods or Lionel Messi story, there are hundreds or even thousands of athletes that don’t make the grade.
“I don’t think being completely focused on any one area is ever good for a child. If you lose your ability to play that sport, you may think that you have lost everything.”(Lyle Sanderson – Associate Professor –College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan).
About Metrifit
Metrifit is an athlete monitoring system that gathers subjective and objective information from both coaches and athletes in a simple but effective manner with intelligent visualization helping coaches and athletes to act on that data. Why not have a look at our Ready to Perform product and gain insight on the physical and mental state of your athletes through our daily wellbeing questionnaire? To find out more visit our Metrifit Product Overview page or get in touch for a free demo.
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