Athlete self-report measures
Is there evidence to jump/stay on the bandwagon?
An Athlete self-report measure (ASRM) is any measure where an athlete self-reports their subjective physical, psychological, and/or social wellbeing. The measure may take the form of a questionnaire, diary, or log, and may be completed on paper or using technology. Metrifit is an example of an ASRM.
The market for ASRM has grown rapidly in recent years, with use by influential professional teams and sporting organisations spurring a rapid ‘me too’ response amongst competitors and aspiring lower-level settings. After all, an ASRM is a relatively low cost and low risk investment which may reduce the risk of injury, illness, and overtraining. However, as is often the case in sport, practice is ahead of the research. So what is the evidence to-date for ASRM?
What do ASRM measure?
Athlete monitoring may be divided into three categories:
1. External load (e.g., time, distance, weight, repetitions)
2. Internal load (e.g., heart rate, RPE)
3. Training response (i.e., positive or negative adaptation)
ASRM intend to measure the training response. The training response is influenced by not only training load, but also individual characteristics (e.g., age, fitness), and the cumulative effect of stressors outside of training (e.g., work, relationships).
How well do ASRM measure the training response?
A recent systematic review (conducted by our research group) has provided strong evidence that changes in subjective wellbeing reflect the training response. A decrease in subjective wellbeing suggests the athlete is exposed to increased stress from an acute increase in training load, or the cumulative effect of training over the course of a training phase. An increase in subjective wellbeing suggests the athlete is recovering in response to a reduction in training load.
By comparison, various objective measures (biochemical, physiological, performance) were shown to not be useful for monitoring the training response as they are highly variable from one test to another, and between individuals. Based on this evidence, we could see a shift away from frequent biochemical, physiological, and performance tests, as more emphasis is placed on ASRM to monitor the athlete training response.
What ASRM is best?
Whilst the findings from the systematic review were restricted to established psychometric questionnaires (e.g., Profile on Mood States (POMS), Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for athletes (RESTQ-Sport)), the same response to training has been shown in simpler measures more commonly used in practice (e.g., Gastin et al. 2013; Noon et al. 2015). Therefore, the particular ASRM may not be important.
As previously mentioned, the training response is complex and individual. Subjective wellbeing consistently declines with increased training stress, yet for one athlete, their response to this stress may first manifest as mood disturbance, whilst another athlete may first report increased fatigue. Therefore, a broad set of questions which touch on various physical, psychological, and social signs and symptoms may be most effective.
What is considered a ‘meaningful’ change in subjective wellbeing?
Here is where the research is yet to catch up with practice. Currently, practitioners use their experience to set arbitrary thresholds such as a particular score, or the number of points or standard deviations from the athlete’s or group’s mean. It is important to keep in mind that an ASRM is a tool for alert rather than diagnosis. Therefore, it may be preferable to set low thresholds which may capture ‘false positives’, as opposed to setting high thresholds that may fail to detect crucial early warning signs. A ‘meaningful’ change should simply trigger the practitioner to seek further information. Only once the unusual or unexpected ASRM response is placed in context (as provided by the athlete, other practitioners working with the athlete, and perhaps objective measures) should a decision be made on what action, if any, is appropriate.
Why not just talk to athletes in the first place?
There are several benefits of ASRM use which typical conversation can’t achieve:
- Record keeping When looking back to identify what went wrong (or right), ASRM provide a record which may be less affected by recall bias than asking an athlete to recall how they were feeling long after a training session or event is over
- Gaining extra information from athletes Some athletes may be more comfortable disclosing information on an ASRM instead of in-person. An ASRM covers several aspects of athlete wellbeing, whereas a conversation may only address one or two
- Directing conversations ASRM responses direct practitioners to talk to a specific athlete, and to address specific topics of concern. This efficiency is particularly useful for practitioners overseeing the preparation of a large number of athletes
- Increasing communication between athletes and practitioners All practitioners can be easily kept in the loop via ASRM data, and conversations are prompted as needed
- More coordinated athlete management As a result of the point above
- Increased athlete autonomy Athletes become more aware of their wellbeing, and the importance of their behaviours on their preparation.
- Increased confidence As a result of the above points, athletes and practitioners are more confident in their preparation.
Click here to read more of our work, outlining the role of ASRM in athletic preparation.
How can I get athletes to use an ASRM?
- Educate athletes and coaches on the evidence supporting ASRM use. A good starting point may be to share this post with them! Education is critical for athlete and coach buy-in. This, in turn, is essential for successful implementation of an ASRM over time
- Implement a measure that is user-friendly. An ASRM should be short and simple, and let the athlete see their progress over time</>
- Create a positive social environment for ASRM use. An athlete should know that the information they provide is important, and will be used to help them
Click here to read more of our work, detailing the various factors to consider in order to effectively implement an ASRM in different sport contexts.
What is next for ASRM?
The use of ASRM is an emerging area of research and practice. There is still improvement to be made in regards to refining the measure to achieve good quality data. Once this is achieved, the field will be better placed to work out how best to analyse, interpret, and use the data to inform practice. Incorporating ASRM data with measures of external and internal load is also an area to be advanced in the future.
References
Saw, Main, & Gastin. 2015. Role of a self-report measure in athlete preparation. JSCR, 29(3):685-91
Anna Saw has recently completed her PhD on athlete self-report measures in athletic preparation. She acknowledges the contribution of Health and Sport Technologies in generously providing Metrifit to participants in two of her studies. Follow Anna on Twitter: @annaesaw
About Metrifit
Metrifit is an athlete monitoring system that gathers subjective and objective information from both coaches and athletes in a simple but effective manner with intelligent visualization helping coaches and athletes to act on that data. Why not have a look at our Ready to Perform product and gain insight on the physical and mental state of your athletes through our daily wellbeing questionnaire? To find out more visit our Metrifit Product Overview page or get in touch for a free demo.
"The holistic approach of medical, physical, emotional and even tech/tactical; bringing together what we need to monitor and evaluate our University players. “If you can’t measure it – it doesn’t exist.” I know we were the first Canadian University to use the program and I know many more will be asking for it in the future! I highly recommend Metrifit."
Metrifit Athlete Monitoring System
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Tino Fusco, B.Sc. ChPC
Head Coach, Women's Soccer, Mount Royal University (Canada)
https://metrifit.com/blog/testimonials/tino-fusco-b-sc-chpc/
"The visualisation of data allows for easy discussion between athletes, performance staff and medical teams and offers the potential to predict and avoid issues which could hamper performance. Over the year the data has proven instrumental in our critical decision making. Metrifit is a excellent monitoring tool however the unsung additional aspect is the fantastic and tireless customer support."
Metrifit Athlete Monitoring System
2017-07-25T14:10:08+01:00
Robert Walsh
Strength Coach
Nederlandse Ski Vereniging (Netherlands Ski/Snowboard Team)
https://metrifit.com/blog/testimonials/robert-walsh-short-testimonial/
"When COVID altered college athletics as we knew it, Metrifit came to the rescue. This intuitive athlete monitoring, health and well-being system provides the athlete, coach, and sports medicine staff a way to monitor and balance the physical, emotional, health and well-being of our athlete’s. Metrifit provided that calm in the middle of the perfect storm for our entire athletic department for the future. Thank you to the entire Metrifit family for assisting our department with a seamless process."
Metrifit Athlete Monitoring System
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Jennifer McIntosh
Head Athletic Trainer, Colorado School of Mines
https://metrifit.com/blog/testimonials/jennifer-mcintosh/
"When our players have been only training with the national team Metrifit allows me to liaise very closely with our conditioning coaches to manage load and intensity of training during training camps. I recommend it to anyone who wants an easy to use monitoring system."
Metrifit Athlete Monitoring System
2017-06-15T12:51:46+01:00
Dave Passmore
Head Coach, Irish Hockey
https://metrifit.com/blog/testimonials/dave-passmore-short/
"Metrifit provides immediate insight and feedback on the physical and mental states of the student-athletes. It allows us to adjust practices and training sessions to accurately meet needs. We have been able to identify potential injury concerns, track current injury status and monitor return to play progress."
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Kari Thompson
Head Volley Ball Coach, Southern Illinois University
https://metrifit.com/blog/testimonials/kari-thompson/
“I have been using Metrifit for the past number of years and I have found it to be an excellent piece of software. It is extremely easy to use and has proved very beneficial in preparing myself for competition. The ability to view my health and wellbeing stats everyday and see how this influences my performance in both practice and competition has been very helpful. I have been able to put more effort into key areas such as fluid intake, sleep and balanced golf practice and training. Having the ability to view my detailed stats helps me to understand exactly where I am and how I need to adjust my training or health choices. I have found using Metrifit this past year has been a crucial help for me to play well. As I now have turned 50 I am playing on The Champions tour in the USA and have played well during my first year. Metrifit has been as important as my golf equipment in achieving that success.”
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Robert Karlsson, Professional Golfer
https://metrifit.com/blog/testimonials/robert-karlsson/
"The success of young athletes using Metrifit was an interesting challenge in the Elite Soccer space… After six months of learning, creating habit with teenagers the project is a huge success…. 90% completion rate has allowed us deal with all the key KPI’s that are needed in their development. In our space with developing athletes…Metrifit is a godsend and is the most important tool in this space."
Metrifit Athlete Monitoring System
2017-06-16T16:51:01+01:00
Niall O’Driscoll
Academy Directory, SJ.B (St. Joseph’s Bray ) Academy
https://metrifit.com/blog/testimonials/niall-odriscoll-short/
“Metrifit has become a multifactorial platform that has helped up us provide deeper context to the decisions that we make on a daily basis in regards to the physical development of our student-athletes. We have intimately been utilizing both the subjective wellness questionnaire along with player training load data to drive professional conversation and actionable tasks to enhance the sporting results and quality of life for our student-athletes with unparalleled success.”
Metrifit Athlete Monitoring System
2017-06-20T12:12:33+01:00
Kevin Schultz
Associate Director of Strength & Conditioning
Director of Olympic Strength & Conditioning
University of Wisconsin
https://metrifit.com/blog/testimonials/kevin-schultz-full/
"Metrifit has been hugely beneficial in supporting our coaches and back room staff to track and monitor our players training loads, performance and readiness to train. Having a one-stop shop for collating all relevant information across a holistic picture of the player allows us to help prevent burnout, injury and provide timely feedback and communication to all."
Metrifit Athlete Monitoring System
2017-06-12T14:01:46+01:00
Eamonn Fitzmaurice
Kerry Senior Football, Manager
https://metrifit.com/blog/testimonials/eamonn-fitzmaurice/
"We started using Metrifit to see if it gave us better predictability and allowed easier monitoring than our DIY excel sheets prior to the Tokyo qualifiers. In a sport where measuring training load is very difficult, Metrifit filled a huge gap in our ability to monitor our athletes’ performance state and recovery. After some months of collecting data I was able to clearly see when to back off and when to keep going with different aspects of the training programme, as well as when to provide extra care and support for our elite athlete – and without a doubt it is much more informative and sensitive than our DIY model, not to mention much easier! Looking forward to the next Olympic cycle with Metrifit as one of our essential tools."
Metrifit Athlete Monitoring System
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Emma Hawke, PhD Exercise Physiology
Coach - Sweden Climbing, Olympic Offensive - Female Coach Swedish Olympic Committee, Senior Lecturer - Coach education programme (Sweden)
https://metrifit.com/blog/testimonials/emma-hawke/
"The Metrifit RTP platform is an excellent tool to monitor, evaluate and make the right decisions for your athlete’s well being and performance. It enables coaches and athletes to track and sift through all the variables that underpin well being and performance on a day to day basis and to address an issue or potential issue in real time. A simply wonderful product."
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Dr. Dale Richardson
CEO Achieve Total Performance Pty Ltd
https://metrifit.com/blog/testimonials/dale-richardson/
"Metrifit has enabled us to bring to life the complexiities associated with managing the academic, pastoral and sporting demands of pupils aged 13 - 18 in a UK day and boarding school environment It has provided another bridge between coaches and sports pupis, giving pupils a space to provide honest self reflection on wellbeing and providing coaches a head start on appropriate freshness and fatigue balance across the school week."
Metrifit Athlete Monitoring System
2017-06-19T14:14:37+01:00
Graham Williams
Athletic Development Coach, MSc ASCC
Millfield School, UK
https://metrifit.com/blog/testimonials/graham-williams-short/
"We have found metrifit to be a great tool to ensure we can monitor and adapt our athletes training loads regularly. This programme has ensured our coaches and staff can maximize all training and recovery to each individual needs on a day to day basis. It is user friendly and provides excellent visual data that can be viewed by both practitioners and athletes. With the help of Metrifit support team, we have personalized it to suit our specific sport and training needs. It's a excellent athlete monitoring tool and is essential for assisting the team to perform at their best"
Metrifit Athlete Monitoring System
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Lee Stutely
Team Manager and Athlete Support Services Coordinator at Great Britain Wheelchair Rugby
https://metrifit.com/blog/testimonials/lee-stutely/
"Metrifit has been used to gain a more in-depth insight into our student-athlete’s progressive athletic development and balance relative to their particular sporting and training activities, academic studies and total load. Metrifit doesn’t just help with optimising our Sports Scholarship students’ athletic performance. It assists us in helping them get the balance right between their sporting activities and academic studies."
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Richard Deuchrass
Lincoln University Athletic Performance Manager
https://metrifit.com/blog/testimonials/richard-deuchrass/
“Metrifit has allowed us to gain better insight on our athletes and their individual stress response to training and outside factors. This has helped us to make daily adjustments when necessary, to further enhance their development which has led to higher performance levels, faster recovery, and a reduction in injuries. The new lifestyle profiling survey has been an invaluable insight into the lifestyle habits of my athletes and has helped focus on key areas that can be improved, benefiting athletes on their performance journey.“
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Dan Rickaby
Assistant S&C Coach, Tulane University
https://metrifit.com/blog/testimonials/dan-rickaby/
"I wanted to reach out to thank Metrifit for an extremely successful season. Our Regis University women’s side won the ultra-competitive RMAC with a 11-0-1 record. Our student-athletes reported in post-season interviews the positive use of Metrifit that enabled their own reflection about their bodies and also found value providing information to coaches for our strategic planning purposes. On more than one occasion, we recognized deviations from norms and were able to step-in with a quick chat to help a player get back on track or refer her to the proper support personnel for further assistance. Fantastic! "
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J.B. Belzer
Head Coach, Women's Soccer at Regis University
https://metrifit.com/blog/testimonials/jb-belzer/
"Metrifit has been instrumental in helping our international Managers, Coaches and Medical teams to identify players who require modifications in training loads or who are struggling with some aspect of their preparation for, or recovery from, training and matches. One of the big strengths of this technology is that it allows our Managers and Medical teams to monitor players both during international competition and outside of these times."
Metrifit Athlete Monitoring System
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Dan Horan
Head of Fitness for International Football/Fitness Coach Men's Senior Team
Football Association of Ireland
https://metrifit.com/blog/testimonials/dan-horan-short/
"Gaelic football is an intermittent high-intensity collision-based field sport requiring high levels of endurance, strength, power, agility, and speed as well as proficiency with gaelic-related skills. These components comprise the training modalities used at the elite level and the monitoring of such a vast range of modalities is central to peak performance. The athlete monitoring tool Metrifit allows us to do this and can keep us one step ahead of our competitors."
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2017-06-12T14:23:50+01:00
Jason McGahan
Sports Scientist, Kildare Football, PhD Sports Science Researcher
https://metrifit.com/blog/testimonials/jason-mcgahan/
"Metrifit is an outstanding platform to track your athletes’ wellness. It’s simple to use, easy to implement and gives outstanding information on your athlete’s subjective wellness which can be used to assign training loads. I highly recommend Metrifit for any coach looking to begin implementing technology into their program"
Metrifit Athlete Monitoring System
2017-06-12T17:58:50+01:00
Brijesh Patel
Quinnipiac University, Head Strength and Conditioning Coach
https://metrifit.com/blog/testimonials/brijesh-patel/
"The ability to acutely monitor stress and recovery and make the correct adjustments was critical to our health and performance throughout the NCAA tournament. Metrifit has a very strong educational component. With the information we get, I am able to clearly understand the habits and behaviors of our athletes, and how they may be impacting performance."
Metrifit Athlete Monitoring System
2017-06-12T11:42:14+01:00
Erik Helland
Director of Strength & Conditioning and Head Strength Coach Men’s basketball, University of Wisconsin
https://metrifit.com/blog/testimonials/erik-helland/
"What’s more impressive is the ability to utilize the basics but at the same time have the capability to explore detailed and intricate correlative data points that helps us as coaches gain the most from our athletes. Metrifit has also served as an easy communications hub to ensure essential information is passed to the appropriate team. We are excited to what the future from Metrifit will bring."
Metrifit Athlete Monitoring System
2017-06-14T14:09:22+01:00
Michael Torres
CEO, Shift Performance, Miami
https://metrifit.com/blog/testimonials/michael-torres-short/
"I've found Metrifit an invaluable resource. Not only to monitor daily wellness, readiness to train and training load within the squad, but also to monitor training load externally with additional external squads. Furthermore, Metrifit has acted as a key teaching tool, allowing young athletes associate good sleeping, eating and recovery habits to an improved sense of wellness and thus superior on-field performance."
Metrifit Athlete Monitoring System
2017-06-14T13:31:14+01:00
Tommy Mooney
Strength and Conditioning Coach at DCU Sport and with Dublin Minor GAA
https://metrifit.com/blog/testimonials/tommy-mooney-short/
"While working with the Clare Senior Hurling team (2012-2014), Horse Sport Ireland (U25 European Eventing Champions) and currently with the Limerick Senior Hurling Team, Metrifit provides our team with critical information across a number of essential aspects of elite athletic performance. You don’t really know how your players are responding to training stimuli unless you have daily data and Metrifit provides and easy to use and highly effective means of finding this critical information."
Metrifit Athlete Monitoring System
2017-06-12T13:55:49+01:00
Joe O’Connor
NISUS Fitness, S&C Coach Clare Senior Hurling, Horse Sport Ireland and Limerick Senior Hurling
https://metrifit.com/blog/testimonials/joe-oconnor/
"Metrifit has been a great asset in helping guide the numerous decisions we make on a daily basis, that have a direct impact on our athletes well-being and progress. The platform is extremely user friendly and the reports and analytics that reflect the data collected daily, can be catered to what you are most specifically curious to know about the athletes both individually and collectively"
Metrifit Athlete Monitoring System
2021-04-29T15:31:16+01:00
Aaron Mansfield
Head Coach, LMU Lions, Loyola Marymount University
https://metrifit.com/blog/testimonials/aaron-mansfield/
"We have been using Metrifit for the past season at Cornish Pirates. It has been greatly beneficial for us to have our wellness and load management data on one easy to access system. We have found this invaluable over the past season whereby Coaches, Physios and Strength and conditioning coaches can monitor both the psychological and physiological load of our athletes on a daily basis."
Metrifit Athlete Monitoring System
2017-06-16T15:06:04+01:00
Paul Cremin
Head Physiotherapist, Cornish Pirates Rugby Club
https://metrifit.com/blog/testimonials/paul-cremin-short/
"Metrifit is an amazingly easy-to-use yet comprehensive monitoring tool for training and recovery! The elite athletes we work with are able track and monitor their situations and states daily, in order to maximize their performance loads and recovery practices. This also helps our coaches customize the training programs more effectively. I'd recommend this for any serious team / athlete or coach in wanting to bring out the very best in their long-term performances! "
Metrifit Athlete Monitoring System
2017-06-12T18:03:35+01:00
Edgar K. Tham
Founder and Chief Sport & Performance Psychologist, SportPsych Consulting (Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines)
https://metrifit.com/blog/testimonials/edgar-k-tham-2/
"Metrifit is an integral part of the set up within the senior and intermediate inter-county Camogie. The data collected daily on the individual players is critical to the decision making of the backroom team including, managers, trainers, selectors, physiotherapist and indeed myself. As a nutritionist it allows me to monitor the quality of the player’s diet, energy levels, sleep pattern and overall wellbeing."
Metrifit Athlete Monitoring System
2017-06-13T16:38:55+01:00
Yvonne Treacy
Nutritionist, Wexford Camogie
https://metrifit.com/blog/testimonials/yvonne-treacy-short/
"The cutting edge technology of Metrifit enables Managers, Coaches and Players to use this innovative technology to gain these crucial percentage points over their opponents in a technologically advanced yet easy to use web-based platform. The data collated on a daily basis greatly informs Management Teams while the educational aspect of the system really appeals to modern day athletes who are constantly looking for that extra edge."
Metrifit Athlete Monitoring System
2017-06-14T13:24:03+01:00
Cian O’Neill
Kildare Senior Football Manager
https://metrifit.com/blog/testimonials/cian-oneill-short/
"Our coaches through Metrifit basically have an ‘X-ray’ vision into the habits and lifestyles and stressors their athletes have on a day to day basis, especially when they are not together. Thus the professional authentic relationships created through the casual conversations, reflection process and application provided is priceless."
Metrifit Athlete Monitoring System
2017-06-12T14:21:17+01:00
Brian Clarke
Head Strength and Conditioning Co-ordinator,Noblesville High School
https://metrifit.com/blog/testimonials/brian-clarke/
"As a school that cannot spend large amounts of money on athlete monitoring, Metrifit has provided us with a great tool for monitoring stress and athlete readiness at a great rate. Being athlete driven, we're able to get buy-in from the athlete, and drive individual or team wide conversations regarding lifestyle and performance education in the direction needed. Seeing acute and chronic stress on a real-time basis has greatly improved the way we schedule workouts and arrange travel during the season."
Metrifit Athlete Monitoring System
2017-06-20T22:26:45+01:00
Derek Bol
Strength & Conditioning Coach, Valparaiso University
https://metrifit.com/blog/testimonials/derek-bol/
"Metrifit has provided me with an opportunity to get to know and understand our players on a different level. I've found our conversations to be more intentional, which has been so important in developing deeper, more authentic relationships. Ultimately, understanding their needs has allowed me to push buttons that leads them to be better people and inspires them to be better athletes"
Metrifit Athlete Monitoring System
2021-04-27T11:10:43+01:00
Ryan Osborn
Head Basketball Coach, Carmel High School
https://metrifit.com/blog/testimonials/ryan-osborn/
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